Suchergebnisse

Abstract
This article explores the textual world and functionalities of sanqu songs in relation to the court milieu. The imperial court is not usually considered a natural habitat for the sanqu genre, best known for its portrayal of "disengagement" and "retirement" from official life, yet one cannot ignore the presence of a substantial number of sanqu songs that addressed and engaged with various court contexts and imperial occasions. I call this type of songs "courtly sanqu songs," written in a style suitable for presentation to the imperial court or for courtly occasions. By identifying a number of Ming dynasty qu anthologies that prominently feature courtly sanqu songs, this article examines how these anthologies, through their organizational structure, draw the reader's attention to courtly sanqu songs. Ming anthologies also act as the major source for tracing the textual lineage of courtly sanqu and the spectrum of songs contained within this textual world. Using one song suite ("Nation Blessed") as a case study, the article traces its variations and different "positions" over time, across anthologies, and across different editions of the same anthology, thereby uncovering the status and place of such songs in the court milieu and beyond.

Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is a novel optical fiber based on the periodic structure of photonic crystal. Compared with conventional fiber and due to design flexibility, the PCF distinguishes with endless single mode, high birefringence (Hi-Bi), large mode area and zero dispersion, which attracts great interest of researchers. These outstanding properties bring revolutionary effects on the domain of telecommunication, sensor application and military. Especially, the Hi-Bi PCF potentially offers much higher birefringence and great stability without the high inherent temperature sensitivities suffered by conventional stress birefringence fibers, which make it ubiquitously applied in different fields such as current sensors, fiber optic gyroscope and high power laser. Therefore, the fabrication and birefringence measurement of Hi-Bi PCF is of great importance. In this thesis, the fabrication and measurement of Hi-Bi PCF are investigated. This thesis reports my research work on (1) Fabrication of Hi-Bi PCFs; (2) Evaluation of birefringence of different Hi-Bi fibers and (3) Improved method based on polarization interference for birefringence measurement. Firstly, to achieve PCF with high birefringence, PCFs are fabricated using a stack-and-draw method and tested with different samples. As experimental proof of design principle and fabrication technique, birefringent photonic crystal fibers are fabricated in-house successfully. Secondly, to improve Hi-Bi PCF design and fabrication, the birefringence of different Hi-Bi fibers is measured, compared and evaluated. The relation between birefringence and fiber structure parameter is investigated and related simulations are carried out. A structure parameter, core ellipticity is defined and its correlation with the birefringence is established. Thirdly, an improved polarization interference method with an expandable interference spectrum is proposed to measure the birefringence of ultra Hi-Bi optical fibers. This method utilized cross-coupling of two same Hi-Bi fibers in ...

Compared to the multiplication of French departments in Chinese higher education, the FLE discipline is developing slowly in comprehensive universities. The dynamics of sustainable development are lacking in these areas, whether in terms of students' learning motivation, teachers' teaching and research impetus, or the support of responsible at university level.Given this situation, taken for the field Renmin University of China (RUC), this thesis seeks to study the disciplinary representations of the FLE discipline of the participants (students, teachers and responsibles) in the field. We find out the factors that influence the FLE discipline construction, such as the disciplinary representations, the conception of the language, the disciplinary status of the FLE discipline, the institutional policies, as well as the general level of the FLE discipline in upper Chinese environment. In the light of Edgar Morin's "complex thinking", we return to the FLE disciplinary construction model in this comprehensive and research-oriented university and explain the need for complex thinking for disciplinary construction. We present tentative solutions and didactic practices in order to remedy the disciplinary construction of the FLE under current conditions in RUC. ; Par rapport à la multiplication des départements de français dans l'enseignement supérieur chinois, la discipline FLE se développe lentement dans des universités pluridisciplinaires. La dynamique du développement durable manque dans ces terrains, que ce soit en ce qui concerne les motivations d'apprentissage des étudiants, d'enseignement et de recherche des enseignants, ou des soutiens des responsables au niveau universitaire.Eu égard à cette situation, pris pour terrain l'Université Renmin de Chine, notre travail cherche à étudier les représentations disciplinaires du FLE des acteurs du terrain. Nous arrivons à repérer les facteurs qui pèsent sur la disciplinarisation du FLE tels que les représentations disciplinaires, la conception de la langue, le statut disciplinaire du FLE, les politiques institutionnelles, ainsi que le niveau général de la discipline FLE en milieu supérieur chinois. À la lumière de la « pensée complexe » d'Edgar Morin, nous procédons à un retour sur le modèle de construction disciplinaire du FLE dans cette université pluridisciplinaire axée sur la recherche et expliquons la nécessité d'une pensée complexe pour la construction disciplinaire. Nous présentons des solutions provisoires et des pratiques didactiques en vue de remédier à la construction disciplinaire du FLE selon les conditions actuelles.

My dissertation contributes towards our understanding of effects of trade liberalization on institutional, economic and environmental outcomes. It consists of three chapters. The first, ``International Trade Liberalization and Domestic Institutional Reform: Effects of WTO Accession on Chinese Internal Migration Policy" studies the effect of trade liberalization on migration regulations. I study how trade affects labor institutions in the context of China?s Hukou system that regulates internal migration. Chinese local governments were allowed to relax internal migration restrictions after China entered the WTO in 2001. I collect a new dataset on Chinese prefecture-level migration regulations that shows each region?s friendliness to migrant workers. Using these data, I document an increase in pro-migrant regulation around the time of WTO entry. I then consider the role of international trade in triggering this increase by estimating the impact of prefecture-level export and import shocks on migration regulations across 250 Chinese prefectures from 2001 to 2007. I find a positive and significant impact of export shocks on regulations that encourage in-migration. 17% of the impact of export shocks on migration and 9%-15% of their impact on growth operated through changes in regulation. In my second chapter, ``Was Entry into the WTO Worth it: Environmental Consequences of Trade Liberalization'', I document that despite the enormous economic benefits from China's accession to the WTO in 2001, the overall welfare gains from trade liberalization may be compromised since pollution from production has also increased. Using plausibly exogenous tariff reductions on Chinese goods caused by the WTO accession, variation in industry composition across cities and variation in pollution intensity levels across industries, I study the effect of trade liberalization on income, pollution, and health in China from 2000 to 2005. Using regional tariff shocks as instruments for changes in income and pollution levels, I show that cities which faced a 10% larger GDP per capita increase experienced a 6%-7% larger total mortality rate decline, and regions that faced a 10% larger increase in air pollution levels experienced a 4%-13% larger total mortality rate increase. Overall, if all exports were generated from non-polluting industries, the total mortality rate would have declined by 3.6% more. However, in terms of overall welfare, the gains from income growth outweigh losses from increases in pollution levels. In the third and last chapter, ``Hukou and Labor Misallocation in China", I propose to quantify the changes in misallocation cost due to the Hukou reform. The Hukou system impedes labor mobility across regions, and the marginal productivity of labor may not be equalized spatially. Following Hsieh and Moretti (2017), I plan to use a general equilibrium Rosen-Roback model to measure the effect of Hukou regulations on aggregate growth.

Compared to the multiplication of French departments in Chinese higher education, the FLE discipline is developing slowly in comprehensive universities. The dynamics of sustainable development are lacking in these areas, whether in terms of students' learning motivation, teachers' teaching and research impetus, or the support of responsible at university level.Given this situation, taken for the field Renmin University of China (RUC), this thesis seeks to study the disciplinary representations of the FLE discipline of the participants (students, teachers and responsibles) in the field. We find out the factors that influence the FLE discipline construction, such as the disciplinary representations, the conception of the language, the disciplinary status of the FLE discipline, the institutional policies, as well as the general level of the FLE discipline in upper Chinese environment. In the light of Edgar Morin's "complex thinking", we return to the FLE disciplinary construction model in this comprehensive and research-oriented university and explain the need for complex thinking for disciplinary construction. We present tentative solutions and didactic practices in order to remedy the disciplinary construction of the FLE under current conditions in RUC. ; Par rapport à la multiplication des départements de français dans l'enseignement supérieur chinois, la discipline FLE se développe lentement dans des universités pluridisciplinaires. La dynamique du développement durable manque dans ces terrains, que ce soit en ce qui concerne les motivations d'apprentissage des étudiants, d'enseignement et de recherche des enseignants, ou des soutiens des responsables au niveau universitaire.Eu égard à cette situation, pris pour terrain l'Université Renmin de Chine, notre travail cherche à étudier les représentations disciplinaires du FLE des acteurs du terrain. Nous arrivons à repérer les facteurs qui pèsent sur la disciplinarisation du FLE tels que les représentations disciplinaires, la conception de la langue, le statut ...